HOME

GEORGE RECLOS

FRANK PANIS

FRANCESCO ZEZZA

PATRICIA SPINELLI

ARTICLES

FISH INDEX

PROFESSIONALS

AQUARIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAMME (ACP)

PHOTO GALLERY

LINKS

BOOK REVIEW

AWARDS

MARINE TANK

DISCOVER MEDITERRANEAN

SIDE EFFECTS

HOBBYIST'S GALLERY

MACRO & NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY

DISASTERS WITH DAVE

MCH-DUTCH

MCH-DEUTSCH

ARTIKELN

MCH PO POLSKU

ARTYKUŁY

ΑΡΧΙΚΗ

ΑΡΘΡΑ

ΕΙΔΗ ΨΑΡΙΩΝ

ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΙΕΣ

ΦΩΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΕΣ

ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΙ

ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ

ΒΡΑΒΕΙΑ

 

 

 

CARBONATE HARDNESS TABLE-see footnote on how to use it

 

KH

pH

CO2

KH

pH

CO2

KH

pH

CO2

KH

pH

CO2

5

7

15

6

7

18

7

7

21

8

7

24

5

7,15

10,619

6

7,15

12,743

7

7,15

14,867

8

7,15

16,991

5

7,2

9,4644

6

7,2

11,357

7

7,2

13,25

8

7,2

15,143

5

7,25

8,4351

6

7,25

10,122

7

7,25

11,809

8

7,25

13,496

5

7,3

7,5178

6

7,3

9,0214

7

7,3

10,525

8

7,3

12,028

5

7,35

6,7003

6

7,35

8,0403

7

7,35

9,3804

8

7,35

10,72

5

7,4

5,9716

6

7,4

7,1659

7

7,4

8,3603

8

7,4

9,5546

5

7,45

5,3222

6

7,45

6,3866

7

7,45

7,4511

8

7,45

8,5155

5

7,5

4,7434

6

7,5

5,6921

7

7,5

6,6408

8

7,5

7,5895

5

7,55

4,2276

6

7,55

5,0731

7

7,55

5,9186

8

7,55

6,7641

5

7,6

3,7678

6

7,6

4,5214

7

7,6

5,275

8

7,6

6,0285

5

7,65

3,3581

6

7,65

4,0297

7

7,65

4,7013

8

7,65

5,3729

5

7,7

2,9929

6

7,7

3,5915

7

7,7

4,1901

8

7,7

4,7886

5

7,75

2,6674

6

7,75

3,2009

7

7,75

3,7344

8

7,75

4,2679

5

7,8

2,3773

6

7,8

2,8528

7

7,8

3,3283

8

7,8

3,8037

5

7,85

2,1188

6

7,85

2,5426

7

7,85

2,9663

8

7,85

3,3901

5

7,9

1,8884

6

7,9

2,2661

7

7,9

2,6437

8

7,9

3,0214

5

7,95

1,683

6

7,95

2,0196

7

7,95

2,3562

8

7,95

2,6928

5

8

1,5

6

8

1,8

7

8

2,1

8

8

2,4

5

8,05

1,3369

6

8,05

1,6043

7

8,05

1,8716

8

8,05

2,139

5

8,1

1,1915

6

8,1

1,4298

7

8,1

1,6681

8

8,1

1,9064

5

8,15

1,0619

6

8,15

1,2743

7

8,15

1,4867

8

8,15

1,6991

5

8,2

0,9464

6

8,2

1,1357

7

8,2

1,325

8

8,2

1,5143

5

8,25

0,8435

6

8,25

1,0122

7

8,25

1,1809

8

8,25

1,3496

5

8,3

0,7518

6

8,3

0,9021

7

8,3

1,0525

8

8,3

1,2028

KH

pH

CO2

KH

pH

CO2

KH

pH

CO2

KH

pH

CO2

9

7

27

10

7

30

11

7

33

12

7

36

9

7,15

19,115

10

7,15

21,238

11

7,15

23,362

12

7,15

25,486

9

7,2

17,036

10

7,2

18,929

11

7,2

20,822

12

7,2

22,714

9

7,25

15,183

10

7,25

16,87

11

7,25

18,557

12

7,25

20,244

9

7,3

13,532

10

7,3

15,036

11

7,3

16,539

12

7,3

18,043

9

7,35

12,06

10

7,35

13,401

11

7,35

14,741

12

7,35

16,081

9

7,4

10,749

10

7,4

11,943

11

7,4

13,138

12

7,4

14,332

9

7,45

9,58

10

7,45

10,644

11

7,45

11,709

12

7,45

12,773

9

7,5

8,5381

10

7,5

9,4868

11

7,5

10,436

12

7,5

11,384

9

7,55

7,6096

10

7,55

8,4551

11

7,55

9,3007

12

7,55

10,146

9

7,6

6,7821

10

7,6

7,5357

11

7,6

8,2892

12

7,6

9,0428

9

7,65

6,0445

10

7,65

6,7162

11

7,65

7,3878

12

7,65

8,0594

9

7,7

5,3872

10

7,7

5,9858

11

7,7

6,5844

12

7,7

7,1829

9

7,75

4,8014

10

7,75

5,3348

11

7,75

5,8683

12

7,75

6,4018

9

7,8

4,2792

10

7,8

4,7547

11

7,8

5,2301

12

7,8

5,7056

9

7,85

3,8139

10

7,85

4,2376

11

7,85

4,6614

12

7,85

5,0851

9

7,9

3,3991

10

7,9

3,7768

11

7,9

4,1545

12

7,9

4,5321

9

7,95

3,0294

10

7,95

3,3661

11

7,95

3,7027

12

7,95

4,0393

9

8

2,7

10

8

3

11

8

3,3

12

8

3,6

9

8,05

2,4064

10

8,05

2,6738

11

8,05

2,9411

12

8,05

3,2085

9

8,1

2,1447

10

8,1

2,383

11

8,1

2,6213

12

8,1

2,8596

9

8,15

1,9115

10

8,15

2,1238

11

8,15

2,3362

12

8,15

2,5486

9

8,2

1,7036

10

8,2

1,8929

11

8,2

2,0822

12

8,2

2,2714

9

8,25

1,5183

10

8,25

1,687

11

8,25

1,8557

12

8,25

2,0244

9

8,3

1,3532

10

8,3

1,5036

11

8,3

1,6539

12

8,3

1,8043

 

How to use this table: Take a measurement of the KH (Carbonate Hardness) of your tank water and pH measurement. Take the KH reading and go to the relevant red column. Check the row which has both your KH reading and your pH reading. Next to it you will see the CO2 content expressed in parts per million (ppm). Note that parts per million is equivalent to mg / Liter. In the CO2 column I have three shades. 

The white shade is the content normally found in a tank without CO2 injection. Good for the fish but not good enough for plants; they will / may grow but they won't thrive. 

The green range is the optimum range for plants and is usually achieved with CO2 injection. 

The orange range is good for the plants but may harm your fish. Under any circumstances, the sight of fishes gasping for air at the surface of the water is a sign that too much CO2 is in the water. In such a case, you should immediately stop the CO2 injection and start heavy aeration.

Back ] Up ] Next ]

 

 

Site Search 

Contact us

       

Malawi Cichlid Homepage © 1999-2006. All rights reserved.